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“Governing the whole country with scholars and scholars”
Author: “Research on Huaxia Civilization” No. 4, 2023
Abstract: When Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wen Yanbo said, “Governing the whole country with scholars and scholars”, today’s academic circles generally believe that it refers to the emperor and scholars and scholars “governing the whole country with scholars and scholars”, but some people think that this term explains “(the emperor) is managing the whole country for scholars and scholars.” Through detailed citation and comparison of historical materials, we can see that Wen Yu Bo’s words “What the great family admires is the same as the country admires it”, but since Emperor Xuan of Han said, “I share this with me (governing the whole country) with only two thousand stones”, “governing the whole country” said that it was widely accepted by the monarchs and ministers of the Song Dynasty, but Wen Yu Bo replaced it with “scholars and officials”. Therefore, the general meaning of “governing the whole country” as Wen Bao and the “governing the whole country” and “governing the whole country” as other Song people said are “governing the whole country together”.
Author introduction: Yan Hongyi, male, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Ancient Books of Huadong (Shanghai 200241), and is an important participant in the study of Song history and classical literature.
In March of the fourth year of Xining in the Song Dynasty (1071), the Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, “Wuzi, Shangsi, Shangshou, Shangshou, Shangshou, Shangshou, Shangshou, and the affairs of “Xingzhou Army”, “Xingjiaozi”, “Yantian”, “Service”, and “Baojia”. At that time, “the emperor was deeply worried about using military force. Baobao said: “The court has given its actions to the people, and puts peace and importance first. It is not advisable to have any partial hearing in everything. Since Your Majesty ascended the throne, he has been seeking governance, but his feelings are not at ease. Zhang was passed. The rule of law may not be impossible since the ancestors, but there are walls that cannot be left behind. ’The emperor said: ‘The law of the three sage kings has also had its disadvantages. The country has been peaceful for a hundred years. How can there be a small increase in Zhang? ’ Wang Anshi said: ‘The court only seeks people who are easy to approach and harm them, so why can’t it be successful? All things are like the wind of the Western Han Dynasty, and the benefits are inconvenient. ’” He also discussed the law of exemption from military service, and the Divine Sect He said, “When you also ask for a visit to the border, you are happy to be exempted from servitude. Although you ordered the money to be paid, you will not be able to sue and call for punishment. People are willing to do so.” Wen Bao also said, “Baojia uses five schools as a guarantee, so it is possible to take care of it. Now, 500 schools are for one-year protection, so the struggle can be seen.” Shenzong said, “When you have a chance to know the twists and turns of things, you will know that your body is in trouble. But there is a real thing. The grievances of harm and harm are real benefits and joy. Although 500 people are the big protection, what are the real harms and harms in the occurrence of disasters? “Wen Qibo said, “The ancestors’ legal system is in place, and they should not lose people’s hearts.” Shenzong said, “The legal system is more serious and unhappy in the academic and military affairs, but what is the inconvenience of disasters?” Wen Qibo said, “To govern the whole country with scholars and military affairs, it is not the same as the inconvenience of disasters.”Govern the whole country. ”[1]5369-5370
Because Wen Bo’s words “to govern the whole country with scholars and officials” have been widely regarded by the academic community today as the new political form of the Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers. It is the key point for understanding the political structure of the Song Dynasty. But how to accurately explain the phrase “to govern the whole country with scholars and officials”, there is a disagreement in the academic community todayBaoqing: One is that he believes that “this is a famous conversation about the Song Dynasty about the ‘the emperor and the scholars and the scholars’.’” and it is clear that the emperor and the scholars and the scholars have “divorce differences and goals”. Therefore, in the two of the scholars and the scholars and the scholars, “the favorability of the scholars is the first priority. The emperor should first consider the good things of the scholars rather than the good things that occur.” At the same time, this term also contains this concept, that is, “governing the whole country” is not just the emperor’s affairs, but his “responsibilities also fall on the scholars and officials” [1]. But why do you think of the scholars and officials? “The commentary of Mao Pun: The Female’s Chorus” says: “Scholars and officials, the general rule of the people, may not be the title of the scholars and officials. “[2] Also, “Qizhi Tongjian” records that during the Five Dynasties, “the scholars and officials often have no life to die from the rejuvenation of worship.” Hu Sansheng notes: “This is what the scholars and officials refer to those who are in charge of the officials. ”【2】That is, the so-called scholars refer to all officials of the court, and the words of Mao Fengshu also include social scholars, that is, “the general reign of the correct people”. This body can be regarded as an ordinary interpretation of the word “scholars and big men” by the Song people in Wen Zibo. The second is that the word “and” or “says” can be interpreted as “as” and “to”, that is, the original meaning of Wen Zibo “is not to emphasize the “same” scholars and big men to govern the whole country, but to “to” scholars and big men to manage the whole country; that is, the policy facilities of the court The most basic goal of the Baocai Club should be to start with the scholars (rather than the cause) to think about it. This understanding is exactly the same as the “criticism” of Wen Yanbo in Ma Duan’s “Wen Tongkao” [3]. Later, some scholars later analyzed the word “and” in this word, and should be used as the meaning of “replace” and “for”, and the word “treat” and the word “treat” and There is no meaning of “cooperating with management”, so here “is to govern the whole country with scholars and officials”. When it is explained, “(the emperor) is to manage the whole country for scholars and officials” [4].
Wen Bao’s words, what should I explain? Here we don’t want to explore the relevant discussions of the Song people and even descendants.
1. Exploring the origin of “a great man to govern the whole country with scholars and officials”
Tongcheng Wendu and Yuan Dynasty, Wen Bo “govern the whole country with scholars and officials”, in addition to Li Yi’s “Continuing the Governance of the Governance” (hereinafter referred to as “Governance”), as well as historical books derived from “Governance” such as Peng Baichuan’s “Chengping the Governance Statistics” Volume 15In addition to the quotation of “The Book of the Cong Yuan Jiejiang Network” in South Korea, Volume 11 [6], Volume 4 of “The Book of the Cong Yuan Jiejiang Network” in the late Song Dynasty, “The Book of the Long-term Learning” was published, Volume 13 of “The Collection of Famous Ministers’ Monument and Wanyan” edited by Du Dagui of the Southern Song Dynasty, Volume 13 of “Records of the Book of Wen Zhonglie Gong’s Bobiao” and Wang Xu’s “A Brief History of the Eastern Capital” Volume 67 of “The Book of Wen Yuan” and “History of Song Dynasty” Volume 313 of “The Book of Wen Yuan” have not been published, nor have they ever seen that there were direct comments by the Song people.
As the “Records of Wen Zhonglie Gong” records that Shenzong summoned the ministers to discuss national affairs, and said, “Zheng Bo said: ‘The court has given its actions, and the people’s hearts are in line with the hearts of the people. It is necessary to have any partial hearing when it comes to all matters. Since Your Majesty ascended the throne, he has been very careful in seeking governance, but his feelings are not at ease. It was even more popular. The ancestors may not have been able to do all the laws, but there are some places where the wasteland is not allowed. ’Wang Anshi said: ‘The court seeks to go to the common people and get hurt, why not? If all the things are like the wind of the West, the gains will be in trouble. ’Anshi knew that it was his own development, so he tried to arrange them. ”[3] The whole story did not mention that Wen Baobo TC: